(12) In a few NENA languages the brand new preterite away from Group II verbs provides a beneficial vocalism (m)CoCiC- or (m)CuCiC- without any precursor in the earlier languages. Noldeke (1868, 213) ideal your modern means try associated with the Hebrew pual. Examples: Aradhin mbusille ‘he cooked’ (Krotkoff 1982, 136), Tkhuma mso:re:li ‘I began’, Jilu +poltele ‘he grabbed it out’ (Fox 1992, 54). Forms with o otherwise u are missing additional NENA and just have in several of one’s NENA languages: Hertevin, Sanandaj Christian, and you can Halabja: Halabja bqirraxun ‘you (pl.) asked’, Hertevin bqerre ‘he asked’ (Jastrow 1988, 206).
(13) The general present is designated by a great prefix in every NENA except Hertevin plus in Mandaic plus Turoyo. The brand new prefix takes one of around three forms: (a) k- on the most of the verbs (cutting-edge in order to c- in Urmi, longer so you’re able to ko- ahead of consonants in Turoyo, plus in Zakho as grams- prior to a spoken phoneme); (b) k- however, just into the a finite category of verbs (with a few voicing assimilation and regularly almost every other transform as well); or (c) i- to the all verbs.
Examples: (a) Zakho k-xaze ‘he sees’, g-emir ‘he says’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1979, 182), Urmi csader ‘he sends’ (Hetzron 1969, 115), Turoyo kohoze ‘he sees’, Tisqopa ksaqIl ‘he takes’ (Rubba, personal communications); (b) Halabja k-ImrIx-wa ‘we manage say’, however, doqIx-wa-le ‘we carry out observe it’, Azerbaijan k-xil ‘he consumes, have a tendency to eat’, but sate ‘he beverages, commonly, could possibly get drink’ (Garbell 1965, 66, 67); (c) Aradhin i-zare:los angeles ‘he tills it’ (Krotkoff 1982, 70), Jilu we-napli baro ‘they pursue her’ (Fox 1992, 55).
The fresh new k- prefix is apparently an emergency of the prefix qa- regarding BT, as in the latest ubiquitous qatane ‘he teaches’. e ‘stands’. In a few eastern languages the shipping off k- is limited by a little category of verbs (Garbell 1965, 65). In other people, it offers gone away and you will become changed by an alternative prefix i-, and this most likely began because the a lower life expectancy form of we[Theta] ‘there is’.
Examples: Halabja geznawa ta knista ‘I goes to the synagogue’, Aradhin tla t-sapri ‘to wait’ https://datingranking.net/de/insassendatierung/, Jilu zIlli l-yawa zuze tla weil kIcca ‘I visited give currency so you’re able to a good girl’, Tisqopa [Theta]e:li ta di-mbaslan ‘I (fem
(14) The fresh verb ‘give’ are yehav inside the BT, and you may yav inside the Syriac. This has been remade in every NENA dialects from the incorporation of your following the l- ‘to’. Brand new crucial, that was hav inside Syriac and BT, is hal (Noldeke 1868, 256) throughout NENA by which We have guidance, not into the Turoyo or Mandaic.
(15) In every NENA, the latest just one crucial out-of qyama ‘get up’ has shed their final m: Aradhin qu (Krotkoff 1982, 145), Sanandaj Religious qu (Panoussi, 110). Brand new plural, but not, keeps the fresh meters.
(16) In all NENA, the fresh imperative out-of (i)zala ‘go’ is actually irregular: Aradhin si (Krotkoff 1982, 147), Sanandaj Christian say (Panoussi 119), Jilu se, Jewish Azerbaijani quand (Garbell 1965, 285).
(17) Round the NENA, various conditions are utilized as ft getting reflexive pronouns like ‘myself’. He is: ruh- when you look at the Hertevin and in Turoyo, nos- on about three easternmost Jewish languages, and you can gyan- in the leftover dialects: Hertevin ruhan ‘ourselves’ (Jastrow 1988, 197), Zakho qtala gyane ‘beating himself’ (Meehan and you can Alon 1982, 181), Halabja nosan ‘ourselves’.
So it qa- is actually alone good contraction out of qa?
(18) An alternate preposition meaning ‘to’ or ‘for’ that takes the proper execution ta, tla, otherwise tla is actually extensive, even though maybe not common, in the NENA, yet not found in Mandaic otherwise Turoyo. ) stumbled on cook’ (Rubba, personal correspondence), Zakho cuxa los angeles psIxle darga facts ‘no you to unsealed the door so you’re able to him’ (Meehan and Alon 1979, 182).